Canadian Health Information Management Association Practice Exam

In experimental investigations, who determines exposure to a factor?

1. Participants in the study

2. The investigator

3. The control group

4. External reviewers

The correct answer is: The investigator

In experimental investigations, the investigator is responsible for determining exposure to a factor. This control allows the investigator to systematically manipulate the independent variable while measuring its effects on the dependent variable. By assigning participants to different conditions or groups, the investigator can ensure a structured approach to testing hypotheses and establishing causal relationships. This level of control is fundamental to the validity of experimental research, as it minimizes confounding variables and biases that could otherwise impact the results. Participants do not determine their own exposure because this could lead to variability and unpredictability that could skew the data. The control group serves a different purpose; it is used as a baseline for comparison but does not influence the determination of exposure. External reviewers provide oversight and critique of the study's methodology and findings but do not play a role in the experimental design itself. Thus, the investigator’s role is crucial in maintaining the integrity and reliability of the research outcomes.