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The field that studies the health of populations using scientific approaches is best represented by the term "Epidemiology." Epidemiology focuses on the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specific populations and the application of this study to control health problems. It involves statistical analyses and research methods to identify risk factors, track disease outbreaks, and assess the effectiveness of health interventions.

While the other fields, such as Public Health, Population Health, and Community Health, certainly have overlapping interests and can involve similar methodologies, they encompass broader concepts. Public Health is more focused on organized efforts to improve health and prevent disease through community-wide programs and policies. Population Health refers to the health outcomes of groups of individuals and the distribution of such outcomes within the group, emphasizing social determinants of health. Community Health centres on health issues affecting specific communities and the interventions designed to improve health in those communities.

In summary, while all the options involve the health of populations, Epidemiology specifically employs scientific methods to analyze and draw conclusions about health patterns and issues in populations.